空分复用光纤研究综述

在多媒体和数据应用程序快速扩展和驱动骨干网带宽需求量迅速增长的网络背景下,时分、波分、偏分复用技术与多级调制方式结合,使得大容量传输系统中单模光纤容量快速接近香农理论极限。空分复用(SDM)技术可以突破该限制,为未来光纤容量增长提供新的解决方案。通过讨论多芯光纤、少模/多模光纤和少模多芯光纤三种SDM技术方案,详细介绍了SDM光纤的研究进展及研究方法,同时对三种光纤方案进行对比,阐明了各种方案的优劣性。     

浅海底质高光谱反射率测量系统的设计及应用

海底光谱反射率是光学浅水中太阳辐射传输的重要组成部分,影响着海水表面离水辐亮度的光谱特性,因此底质光谱信息的准确获取对于浅海遥感工作的开展至关重要。专门设计了一套海底光谱反射率测量系统填补了国际上在这方面的空白。采用可自由伸缩并旋转角度的参考白板贴近目标物测量,以消除探头到目标物之间水体吸收衰减的影响,双光路采集系统同步测量的设计避免了水下光场迅速变化对辐射测量的影响。于2018年9月3日—8日,用该系统在三亚珊瑚礁保护区进行原位海底反射率测量试验,测量对象包括珊瑚、海草、泥沙、沙滩等多种底质。各底质类型之间具有光谱可分性,具体表现为,在波长大于580 nm的长波段,浅海沙子底质与岸上沙滩光谱反射率特征差异明显,表明相对于空气中,水体和水中微藻介质的吸收散射作用严重影响着水下光谱辐射的测量,证实了空气中测量的目标光谱不可替代水中的结果。珊瑚和水草的光谱反射率特征主要区别在于海草反射率光谱在540~600 nm波段有一个宽反射峰,而珊瑚的典型特征是在575,600和650 nm附近有三个特征反射峰。此外,珊瑚、沙子和沙滩三种碳酸盐质底质在395,430,490和520 nm存在反射峰,485和585 nm处有一个小吸收峰,而海草则相反,在395,430,490和520 nm存在吸收峰,485和585 nm处显示反射峰。以上数据为将来利用底质反射率提取底栖物质组成信息奠定了基础,同时其结果也能够证实系统的可靠性和有效性。     

Room temperature spontaneous surface condensation of boronic acids observed by scanning tunneling microscopy

Herein, we discovered that the surface-confined condensation of boronic acid can happen spontaneously at room temperature, by comparing the kinetics of condensation of boronic acids with and without the negative sample bias, we found that the negative sample bias indeed accelerates the self-condensation reaction of boronic acid. Combining with in-situ STM images and ultraviolet photoemission spectrum (UPS) analysis, a reversible adsorption mechanism model was proposed and reasonably explains the reversible electric-field-induced phase transformation.     

Flux enhancement during dean vortex tubular membrane nanofiltration. 10. Design,construction, and system characterization

Controlled centrifugal instabilities (called Dean vortices) resulting from flow in helical tubes have been used to reduce concentration polarization and membrane fouling during nanofiltration. These vortices enhance back-migration of solute through convective flow away from the membrane–solution interface and allow for increased membrane permeation rates. Based on the theory of Dean vortex flow, a new prototype vortex generating tubular nanofiltration element was designed. Two sets of nanofiltration modules were constructed; a linear module and a new module containing hollow fibers wrapped around rods of small diameter in helical geometry. Optimization of the design is discussed with respect to the diameter and thickness of the hollow fibers. Axial pressure drop and energy consumption measurements for the helical module agreed very well with available correlations for various experimental conditions. Water permeabilities for the helical modules were similar to those of the conventional linear modules. No significant effect of pH was observed on the water permeability.